What macrovascular risks are increased with diabetes?

• A. Deep vein thrombosis is the primary macrovascular complication.
• B. Peripheral edema is the main macrovascular complication.
• C. Pulmonary embolism is the main macrovascular complication.
• D. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease.

Answer: (D)

Diabetes raises the risk of diseases that affect large arteries, driven by long-term high blood sugar that damages the lining of vessels, promotes inflammation, and combines with common risk factors like high blood pressure and abnormal lipids. This accelerates atherosclerosis in the major arterial networks, so the most important macrovascular outcomes are disease of the coronary arteries, the arteries supplying the brain, and the peripheral arteries in the legs. Cordially, this manifests as coronary artery disease (heart problems), stroke, and peripheral arterial disease (reduced blood flow to the limbs).

Choices that reference veins or fluid-related issues aren’t the typical macrovascular complications of diabetes. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism involve the venous system, and peripheral edema is fluid buildup rather than an arterial atherosclerotic process.