GLP-1 receptor agonists have several actions beyond insulin secretion. Which of the following is one of those actions?

• A. Increase appetite
• B. Inhibit gastric emptying
• C. Slow gastric emptying
• D. Increase hepatic glucose production

Answer: (C)

GLP-1 receptor agonists have effects beyond stimulating insulin release, including delaying how fast the stomach empties its contents into the small intestine. This slowing of gastric emptying slows the rise in blood glucose after a meal, helping with postprandial glucose control and often contributing to weight loss through reduced appetite signals. The option describing slowing gastric emptying matches this effect. Increasing appetite is the opposite of what these drugs do, and increasing hepatic glucose production is not a feature—these agents tend to lower hepatic glucose output by reducing glucagon. While some describe the effect as inhibiting gastric emptying, it’s more accurate to characterize it as a slowing or delaying of the process.